URBAN TRANSFORMATION: SMART CITIES AND THEIR CHALLENGES

In the context of the 21st century, cities face significant challenges due to rapid population growth, expanding urbanisation and demand for sustainable, efficient urban services.

In response to these challenges, the concept of smart cities has emerged. These cities integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) into their infrastructure to improve efficiency, sustainability and residents’ quality of life.

These cities use technology to collect and analyse real-time data and apply the results to make informed decisions and improve urban operations across a range of areas.

In the field of mobility, smart cities implement innovative solutions such as connected public transport systems, autonomous vehicles and shared mobility applications to reduce traffic congestion, improve accessibility and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

In the energy sector, smart cities manage consumption efficiently by implementing smart grids, integrating renewable energy and optimising energy efficiency in buildings and public spaces, thereby promoting a more sustainable and resilient energy model.

These cities also improve the efficiency of public services and municipal administration through advanced data and analytics. From waste management to urban planning, local authorities use technological tools to optimise resources and provide citizens with more efficient, personalised services.

Despite their benefits, smart cities also raise ethical challenges and concerns. The large-scale collection of personal data, the digital divide and excessive dependence on technology are among the issues that must be addressed to ensure these initiatives benefit all citizens and do not exclude particular groups in society.